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Question 1 of 67
1. Choose the correct answer.
If k is an odd integer, which of the following must be an even integer?
Question 1 of 67
Question 2 of 67
2. Choose the correct answer.
If k is an integer and k = 462/n, then which of the following could be the value of n?
Question 2 of 67
Question 3 of 67
3. Choose the correct answer.
How many positive integers less than 100 have a remainder of 2 when divided by 13?
Question 3 of 67
Question 4 of 67
4. Choose the correct answer.
Joan has 100 candies to distribute among 10 children. If each child receives at least 1 candy and no two children receive the same number of candies, what is the maximum number of candies that a child can receive?
Question 4 of 67
Question 5 of 67
5. Choose the correct answer.
If the average (arithmetic mean) of x, y and 15 is 9, and the average of x, 2y and 2 is 7, then y =
Question 5 of 67
Question 6 of 67
6. Choose the correct answer.
If (4/w) + (4/x) = (4/y), and wx = y, then the average (arithmetic mean) of w and x is
Question 6 of 67
Question 7 of 67
7. Choose the correct answer.
In how many different ways can 3 identical green shirts and 3 identical red shirts be distributed among 6 children such that each child receives a shirt?
Question 7 of 67
Question 8 of 67
8. Choose the correct answer.
In the figure, JKLMNP is a regular hexagon. Find the measure of ∠MQN.
Question 8 of 67
Question 9 of 67
9. Choose the correct answer.
If the population of Townville went from 2105 to 1705, then the percent decrease in population is closest to
Question 9 of 67
Question 10 of 67
10. Choose the correct answer.
The system of equations has how many solutions?
Infinitely manyQuestion 10 of 67
Question 11 of 67
11. Choose the correct answer.
If x ≠ 2.5 and 2x = |15 - 4x|, then x =
Question 11 of 67
Question 12 of 67
12. Choose the correct answer.
What is the sum of all possible solutions of the equation:
|x + 4|² – 10|x + 4| = 24?
Question 12 of 67
Question 13 of 67
13. Choose the correct answer.
If 2ᴬ = 3 and 2ᴮ = 5, then 2²ᴬ⁺ᴮ =
Question 13 of 67
Question 14 of 67
14. Choose the correct answer.
When a certain coin is flipped, the probability of heads is 0.5. If the coin is flipped 6 times, what is the probability that there are exactly 3 heads?
Question 14 of 67
Question 15 of 67
15. Choose the correct answer.
Working alone, pump A can empty a pool in 3 hours. Working alone, pump B can empty the same pool in 2 hours. Working together, how many minutes will it take pump A and pump B to empty the pool?
Question 15 of 67
Question 16 of 67
16. Choose the correct answer.
If an object travels 100 feet in 2 seconds, what is the object's approximate speed in miles per hour? (Note: 1 mile = 5280 feet)
Question 16 of 67
Question 17 of 67
17. Choose the correct statement.
If x and y are integers, is the product xy odd?
(2) x and y are consecutive integers
Statement 1 ALONE is sufficient to answer the question, but statement 2 alone is NOT sufficient. Statement 2 ALONE is sufficient to answer the question, but statement 1 alone is NOT sufficient.BOTH statements 1 and 2 TOGETHER are sufficient to answer the question, but NEITHER statement ALONE is sufficient.
Each statement ALONE is sufficient to answer the question. Statement 1 and 2 TOGETHER are NOT sufficient to answer the question.Question 17 of 67
Question 18 of 67
18. Choose the correct statement.
k is an integer from 1 to 9 inclusive. If N = 29736 + k , what is the value of k ?
(1) N is divisible by 9
(2) N is divisible by 5
Statement 1 ALONE is sufficient to answer the question, but statement 2 alone is NOT sufficient. Statement 2 ALONE is sufficient to answer the question, but statement 1 alone is NOT sufficient.BOTH statements 1 and 2 TOGETHER are sufficient to answer the question, but NEITHER statement ALONE is sufficient.
Each statement ALONE is sufficient to answer the question. Statement 1 and 2 TOGETHER are NOT sufficient to answer the question.Question 18 of 67
Question 19 of 67
19. Choose the correct statement.
What is the remainder when positive integer n is divided by 4?
(1) When n is divided by 8, the remainder is 1.
(2) When n is divided by 2, the remainder is 1.
Statement 1 ALONE is sufficient to answer the question, but statement 2 alone is NOT sufficient. Statement 2 ALONE is sufficient to answer the question, but statement 1 alone is NOT sufficient.BOTH statements 1 and 2 TOGETHER are sufficient to answer the question, but NEITHER statement ALONE is sufficient.
Each statement ALONE is sufficient to answer the question. Statement 1 and 2 TOGETHER are NOT sufficient to answer the question.Question 19 of 67
Question 20 of 67
20. Choose the correct statement.
What is the value of y?
(1) 3y – 1 = √ 8y² − 4y+9
(2) y² – 2y – 8 = 0
BOTH statements 1 and 2 TOGETHER are sufficient to answer the question, but NEITHER statement ALONE is sufficient.
Each statement ALONE is sufficient to answer the question. Statement 1 and 2 TOGETHER are NOT sufficient to answer the question.Question 20 of 67
Question 21 of 67
21. Choose the correct statement.
What is the average (arithmetic mean) of a, b, c and d?
(1) The average of a, b and c is 6
(2) The average of b, c and d is 6
Statement 1 ALONE is sufficient to answer the question, but statement 2 alone is NOT sufficient. Statement 2 ALONE is sufficient to answer the question, but statement 1 alone is NOT sufficient.BOTH statements 1 and 2 TOGETHER are sufficient to answer the question, but NEITHER statement ALONE is sufficient.
Each statement ALONE is sufficient to answer the question. Statement 1 and 2 TOGETHER are NOT sufficient to answer the question.Question 21 of 67
Question 22 of 67
22. Choose the correct statement.
What is the average (arithmetic mean) of x and y?
(1) The average (arithmetic mean) of x, y and k is 7.
(2) The average (arithmetic mean) of x, y and 3k is 13.
Statement 1 ALONE is sufficient to answer the question, but statement 2 alone is NOT sufficient. Statement 2 ALONE is sufficient to answer the question, but statement 1 alone is NOT sufficient.BOTH statements 1 and 2 TOGETHER are sufficient to answer the question, but NEITHER statement ALONE is sufficient.
Each statement ALONE is sufficient to answer the question. Statement 1 and 2 TOGETHER are NOT sufficient to answer the question.Question 22 of 67
Question 23 of 67
23. Choose the correct statement.
In a certain group, the average (arithmetic mean) age of the males is 28, and the average age of the females is 30. If there are 100 people in the group, how many of them are males?
(1) The average age of all 100 people is 28.9
(2) There are 10 more males than there are females.
Statement 1 ALONE is sufficient to answer the question, but statement 2 alone is NOT sufficient. Statement 2 ALONE is sufficient to answer the question, but statement 1 alone is NOT sufficient.BOTH statements 1 and 2 TOGETHER are sufficient to answer the question, but NEITHER statement ALONE is sufficient.
Each statement ALONE is sufficient to answer the question. Statement 1 and 2 TOGETHER are NOT sufficient to answer the question.Question 23 of 67
Question 24 of 67
24. Choose the correct statement.
In the diagram above, coordinates are given for three of the vertices of quadrilateral ABCD. Does quadrilateral ABCD have an area greater than 30?
(1) point B has an x-coordinate of 4
(2) quadrilateral ABCD is a parallelogram
Statement 1 ALONE is sufficient to answer the question, but statement 2 alone is NOT sufficient. Statement 2 ALONE is sufficient to answer the question, but statement 1 alone is NOT sufficient.BOTH statements 1 and 2 TOGETHER are sufficient to answer the question, but NEITHER statement ALONE is sufficient.
Each statement ALONE is sufficient to answer the question. Statement 1 and 2 TOGETHER are NOT sufficient to answer the question.Question 24 of 67
Question 25 of 67
25. Choose the correct statement.
If the circle has radius 6, what is the area of the triangle?
BOTH statements 1 and 2 TOGETHER are sufficient to answer the question, but NEITHER statement ALONE is sufficient.
Each statement ALONE is sufficient to answer the question. Statement 1 and 2 TOGETHER are NOT sufficient to answer the question.Question 25 of 67
Question 26 of 67
26. Choose the correct statement.
In a group of 80 college students, how many own a car?
(1) Of the students who do not own a car, 14 are male.
(2) Of the students who own a car, 42% are female.
Statement 1 ALONE is sufficient to answer the question, but statement 2 alone is NOT sufficient. Statement 2 ALONE is sufficient to answer the question, but statement 1 alone is NOT sufficient.BOTH statements 1 and 2 TOGETHER are sufficient to answer the question, but NEITHER statement ALONE is sufficient.
Each statement ALONE is sufficient to answer the question. Statement 1 and 2 TOGETHER are NOT sufficient to answer the question.Question 26 of 67
Question 27 of 67
27. Choose the correct statement.
Statement 1 ALONE is sufficient to answer the question, but statement 2 alone is NOT sufficient. Statement 2 ALONE is sufficient to answer the question, but statement 1 alone is NOT sufficient.BOTH statements 1 and 2 TOGETHER are sufficient to answer the question, but NEITHER statement ALONE is sufficient.
Each statement ALONE is sufficient to answer the question. Statement 1 and 2 TOGETHER are NOT sufficient to answer the question.Question 27 of 67
Question 28 of 67
28. Choose the correct statement.
Statement 1 ALONE is sufficient to answer the question, but statement 2 alone is NOT sufficient. Statement 2 ALONE is sufficient to answer the question, but statement 1 alone is NOT sufficient.BOTH statements 1 and 2 TOGETHER are sufficient to answer the question, but NEITHER statement ALONE is sufficient.
Each statement ALONE is sufficient to answer the question. Statement 1 and 2 TOGETHER are NOT sufficient to answer the question.Question 28 of 67
Question 29 of 67
29. Choose the correct statement.
If x is a positive integer, is √x an integer?
(1) √ 36x is an integer
Statement 1 ALONE is sufficient to answer the question, but statement 2 alone is NOT sufficient. Statement 2 ALONE is sufficient to answer the question, but statement 1 alone is NOT sufficient.BOTH statements 1 and 2 TOGETHER are sufficient to answer the question, but NEITHER statement ALONE is sufficient.
Each statement ALONE is sufficient to answer the question. Statement 1 and 2 TOGETHER are NOT sufficient to answer the question.Question 29 of 67
Question 30 of 67
30. Choose the correct statement.
Robin drove from Townville to Villageton. Upon arriving in Villageton, she immediately returned to Townville by the same route. What was Robin’s average speed for the entire trip?
(1) While driving from Townville to Villageton, Robin’s average speed was 40 miles per hour. While driving from Villageton to Townville, Robin’s average speed was 60 miles per hour.
(2) The distance from Townville to Villageton is 120 miles.
Statement 1 ALONE is sufficient to answer the question, but statement 2 alone is NOT sufficient. Statement 2 ALONE is sufficient to answer the question, but statement 1 alone is NOT sufficient.BOTH statements 1 and 2 TOGETHER are sufficient to answer the question, but NEITHER statement ALONE is sufficient.
Each statement ALONE is sufficient to answer the question. Statement 1 and 2 TOGETHER are NOT sufficient to answer the question.Question 30 of 67
31. Choose the correct statement.
The Townville museum was open for 7 consecutive days. If the number of visitors each day was 3 greater than the previous day, how many visitors were there on the first day?
(1) There were a total of 126 visitors for the 7 days.
(2) The number of visitors on the seventh day was three times the number of visitors on the first day.
Statement 1 ALONE is sufficient to answer the question, but statement 2 alone is NOT sufficient. Statement 2 ALONE is sufficient to answer the question, but statement 1 alone is NOT sufficient.BOTH statements 1 and 2 TOGETHER are sufficient to answer the question, but NEITHER statement ALONE is sufficient.
Each statement ALONE is sufficient to answer the question. Statement 1 and 2 TOGETHER are NOT sufficient to answer the question.Question 32 of 67
32. Choose the option that best completes the underlined part of the sentence.
Amalgamated Copper Corporation's sudden purchase of 200 million shares of Cupric Thunder, one-third of the latter's publicly traded shares, seems like a suggestion of A.C.C., despite its press releases, is planning to acquire and subsume Cupric Thunder.
like a suggestion of like it is suggestive that suggestive of as if to suggest to suggest thatQuestion 32 of 67
Question 33 of 67
33. Choose the option that best completes the underlined part of the sentence.
Punctuated equilibrium is a biological theory that regards evolution not as a gradual process by which one species slowly and continuously transforms into another, rather a process in which species were remaining stable for long periods and then have dramatic change in isolated short bursts.
rather a process in which species were remaining stable for long periods and then have dramatic change
but as a process in which species remain stable for long periods and change dramatically but a process in which species remain stable for long periods and then have dramatic change but as a process in which species remained stable for long periods and changing dramaticallybut also as a process in which species were remaining stable for long periods and were changing dramatically
Question 33 of 67
Question 34 of 67
34. Choose the option that best completes the underlined part of the sentence.
The twenty-four biochemical labs in the state all compete for shares of the same government allotment, and so all strive to present their case for funding more successfully than each other .
all strive to present their case for funding more successfully than each other all strive more successfully to present their own case for funding than the others each strives to present their case for funding more successfully than one other each strives to present its case for funding more successfully than the others each strives successfully to present its case for funding than anotherQuestion 34 of 67
Question 35 of 67
35. Choose the option that best completes the underlined part of the sentence.
The Coriolis Effect is responsible for the apparent forces that turn ocean currents and storm systems clockwise in the Northern Hemisphere, but what is appearing as a force is just the inertia of the matter that obeys Conservation of Angular Momentum.
turn ocean currents and storm systems clockwise in the Northern Hemisphere, but what is appearing as a force is just the inertia of the matter that obeys
in the Northern Hemisphere turn ocean currents and storm systems clockwise, but what appears to be a force, just the inertia of the matter, obeys
turn ocean currents and storm systems in the Northern Hemisphere clockwise, that appear as a force, and that is just the inertia of the matter, which obeys
turn ocean currents and storm systems clockwise in the Northern Hemisphere, but what appears as a force is just the inertia of the matter obeying
have turned ocean currents and storm systems clockwise in the Northern Hemisphere, and that is just the inertia of the matter that appears as a force obeying
Question 35 of 67
Question 36 of 67
36. Choose the option that best completes the underlined part of the sentence.
A prolific writer, Sir Walter Scott's works include the poem The Lady of the Lake and the historical novels Ivanhoe and Waverley.
A prolific writer, Sir Walter Scott's works include The works of Sir Walter Scott, a prolific writer, include Sir Walter Scott was a prolific writer including in his works Included in the prolific writer Sir Walter Scott's works are The prolific writer's works of Sir Walter Scott includeQuestion 36 of 67
Question 37 of 67
37. Choose the option that best completes the underlined part of the sentence.
Balancing the need for sufficient food supplies with what constitutes a manageable load to carry was undoubtedly a concern at times for many ancient hunters and gatherers, like that for modern long-distance backpackers .
like that for modern long-distance backpackers as that of modern long-distance backpackers just as modern long-distance backpackers do as do modern long-distance backpackers as it is for modern long-distance backpackersQuestion 37 of 67
Question 38 of 67
38. Choose the option that best completes the underlined part of the sentence.
Had the United States allowed the California Republic to remain independent after the Bear Flag Revolt rather than annexing it with military force, this "California nation" might have become the wealthiest nation in North America.
Had the United States allowed the California Republic to remain independent after the Bear Flag Revolt rather than annexing it with military force, this "California nation" might have become
With the United States annexing the California Republic after the Bear Flag Revolt instead of allowing it to remain independent, this "California nation" didn't become
The United States annexed the California Republic after the Bear Flag Revolt and didn't allow it to remain independent, to prevent it to become
The United States didn't allow the California Republic to remain independent after the Bear Flag Revolt, it annexed it with military force instead, and this "California nation" didn't become
The United States, by not allowing the California Republic to remain independent after the Bear Flag Revolt and, instead, by annexing it, it prevented this "California nation" from becoming
Question 38 of 67
Question 39 of 67
39. Choose the option that best completes the underlined part of the sentence.
Quintus Horatius Flaccus (65 – 8 BCE), known in the English-speaking world as "Horace", was a contemporary of Virgil and the preeminent lyrical poet of the Augustan age; his poems were known as the "common currency of civilization" because they were so widely read and quoted, and over the past two millennia have had a much greater influence than any poet from ancient Rome.
than any other as any other as those of any other than those of any otherQuestion 39 of 67
Question 40 of 67
40. Choose the option that best completes the underlined part of the sentence.
The income categories of Senator Crocker’s proposed tax code are as broad as to fail to distinguish the sale of an old chair at a pawnshop from collecting profits in a sophisticated stock option move.
as broad as to fail to distinguish the sale of an old chair at a pawnshop from collecting profits inas broad as to fail in distinguishing between the sale of an old chair at a pawnshop and collecting profits from
so broad as to fail to distinguish selling an old chair at a pawnshop and collecting profits from so broad as to fail to distinguish selling an old chair at a pawnshop from collecting profits in so broad that he fails in distinguishing between selling chair at a pawnshop from the profits inQuestion 40 of 67
Question 41 of 67
41. Choose the option that best completes the underlined part of the sentence.
A famed alchemist in the early sixteenth century, Paracelsus' contributions to modern science included the rudiments of what later became toxicology as well as the name of the element zinc.
A famed alchemist in the early sixteenth century, Paracelsus' contributions to modern science included
Paracelsus's famous alchemical contribution to modern science in the early sixteenth century included
Paracelsus was a famed alchemist in the early sixteenth century including in his contributions to modern science
Paracelsus, a famed alchemist in the early sixteenth century, his contributions to modern science included
Paracelsus, the famous early sixteenth century alchemist, made contributions to modern science, including
Question 41 of 67
Question 42 of 67
42. Choose the option that best completes the underlined part of the sentence.
The many extant fossils yet to be attributed to a species suggest that our classification of extinct species is either deficient, with many unclassified species meriting distinct branches on the taxonomic tree , or that our method of identification is lacking, with many fossils indeed attributable to known extinct species.
to be attributed to a species suggest that our classification of extinct species is either deficient, with many unclassified species meriting distinct branches on the taxonomic tree, or that
attributed to a species suggest that our classification of extinct species is either deficient, and that many unclassified species merit a distinct branch on the taxonomic tree, or that
to be attributed to a species suggest our classification of species that are extinct is either deficient, because many unclassified species merit on the taxonomic tree a distinct branch, or
to be attributed to a species suggest either that our classification of extinct species is deficient, many unclassified species meriting distinct branches on the taxonomic tree, or that
attributed to a species suggests that our classification of extinct species is either deficient, because many unclassified species merit distinct branches on the taxonomic tree, or
Question 42 of 67
Question 43 of 67
43. Choose the option that best completes the underlined part of the sentence.
In the "dead-ball" era of 1900-1919, Major League Baseball hitters in both leagues hit an average total of 370 home runs each season, more than 60% percent less than those in the 1920s .
less than those in the 1920s less than in the 1920s less than the 1920s fewer than the 1920s fewer than that of the seasons in the 1920sQuestion 43 of 67
Question 44 of 67
44. Choose the option that best answers the question.
Originally, scientists predicted small asteroids to be hard and rocky, as any loose surface material (called regolith) generated by impacts was expected to escape their weak gravity. Aggregate small bodies were not thought to exist, because the slightest sustained relative motion would cause them to separate. But observations and computer modeling are proving otherwise. Most asteroids larger than a kilometer are now believed to be composites of smaller pieces. Those imaged at high-resolution show evidence for copious regolith despite the weak gravity. Most of them have one or more extraordinarily large craters, some of which are wider than the mean radius of the whole body. Such colossal impacts would not just gouge out a crater—they would break any monolithic body into pieces. In short, asteroids larger than a kilometer across may look like nuggets of hard rock but are more likely to be aggregate assemblages—or even piles of loose rubble so pervasively fragmented that no solid bedrock is left.
The rubble hypothesis, proposed decades ago by scientists, lacked evidence, until the planetologist Schumaker realized that the huge craters on the asteroid Mathilde and its very low density could only make sense together: a porous body such as a rubble pile can withstand a battering much better than an integral object. It will absorb and dissipate a large fraction of the energy of an impact; the far side might hardly feel a thing. At first, the rubble hypothesis may appear conceptually troublesome. The material strength of an asteroid is nearly zero, and the gravity is so low one is tempted to neglect that too. The truth is neither strength nor gravity can be ignored. Paltry though it may be, gravity binds a rubble pile together. And anybody who builds sandcastles knows that even loose debris can cohere. Oft-ignored details of motion begin to matter: sliding friction, chemical bonding, damping of kinetic energy, etc. We are just beginning to fathom the subtle interplay of these minuscule forces.
The size of an asteroid should determine which force dominates. One indication is the observed pattern of asteroidal rotation rates. Some collisions cause an asteroid to spin faster; others slow it down. If asteroids are monolithic rocks undergoing random collisions, a graph of their rotation rates should show a bell-shaped distribution with a statistical “tail” of very fast rotators. If nearly all asteroids are rubble piles, however, this tail would be missing, because any rubble pile spinning faster than once every two or three hours fly apart. Recently, several astronomers discovered that all but five observed asteroids obey a strict rotation limit. The exceptions are all smaller than about 150 meters in diameter, with an abrupt cutoff for asteroids larger than 200 meters. The evident conclusion—that asteroids larger than 200 meters across are rubble piles—agrees with recent computer modeling of collisions. A collision can blast a large asteroid to bits, but those bits will usually be moving slower than their mutual escape velocity (the lowest velocity that a body must have in order to escape the orbit of a planet). Over several hours, gravity will reassemble all but the fastest pieces into a rubble pile.
Question: Scientists originally believed that asteroids lacked regolith because
a sizeable enough impact would cause all accumulated surface material to become dislodged the gravitational forces of asteroids were too weak to hold any aggregation of matter togethercomputer models had shown that loose pieces of rock tend to come dislodged from even the slightest impact
regolith was absent from smaller planets lacking an atmosphere the velocity of asteroids was so great as to cause any loose matter to easily float off into spaceQuestion 44 of 67
Question 45 of 67
45. Choose the option that best answers the question.
Originally, scientists predicted small asteroids to be hard and rocky, as any loose surface material (called regolith) generated by impacts was expected to escape their weak gravity. Aggregate small bodies were not thought to exist, because the slightest sustained relative motion would cause them to separate. But observations and computer modeling are proving otherwise. Most asteroids larger than a kilometer are now believed to be composites of smaller pieces. Those imaged at high-resolution show evidence for copious regolith despite the weak gravity. Most of them have one or more extraordinarily large craters, some of which are wider than the mean radius of the whole body. Such colossal impacts would not just gouge out a crater—they would break any monolithic body into pieces. In short, asteroids larger than a kilometer across may look like nuggets of hard rock but are more likely to be aggregate assemblages—or even piles of loose rubble so pervasively fragmented that no solid bedrock is left.
The rubble hypothesis, proposed decades ago by scientists, lacked evidence, until the planetologist Schumaker realized that the huge craters on the asteroid Mathilde and its very low density could only make sense together: a porous body such as a rubble pile can withstand a battering much better than an integral object. It will absorb and dissipate a large fraction of the energy of an impact; the far side might hardly feel a thing. At first, the rubble hypothesis may appear conceptually troublesome. The material strength of an asteroid is nearly zero, and the gravity is so low one is tempted to neglect that too. The truth is neither strength nor gravity can be ignored. Paltry though it may be, gravity binds a rubble pile together. And anybody who builds sandcastles knows that even loose debris can cohere. Oft-ignored details of motion begin to matter: sliding friction, chemical bonding, damping of kinetic energy, etc. We are just beginning to fathom the subtle interplay of these minuscule forces.
The size of an asteroid should determine which force dominates. One indication is the observed pattern of asteroidal rotation rates. Some collisions cause an asteroid to spin faster; others slow it down. If asteroids are monolithic rocks undergoing random collisions, a graph of their rotation rates should show a bell-shaped distribution with a statistical “tail” of very fast rotators. If nearly all asteroids are rubble piles, however, this tail would be missing, because any rubble pile spinning faster than once every two or three hours fly apart. Recently, several astronomers discovered that all but five observed asteroids obey a strict rotation limit. The exceptions are all smaller than about 150 meters in diameter, with an abrupt cutoff for asteroids larger than 200 meters. The evident conclusion—that asteroids larger than 200 meters across are rubble piles—agrees with recent computer modeling of collisions. A collision can blast a large asteroid to bits, but those bits will usually be moving slower than their mutual escape velocity (the lowest velocity that a body must have in order to escape the orbit of a planet). Over several hours, gravity will reassemble all but the fastest pieces into a rubble pile.
Question: How would the author of the passage most likely respond to the assertion of another scientist claiming that a crater greater than the radius of an asteroid is a result of an impact?
Asteroids actually contain a significant amount of regolith despite the force of weak gravity. Because of a great degree of fragmentation such an asteroid would have to have a solid bedrock. Such a crater would most probably result from a series of small impacts over a period of time. Most asteroids are held together by a series of forces that are often unstable. This claim would constitute evidence that the asteroid is not monolithic.Question 45 of 67
Question 46 of 67
46. Choose the option that best answers the question.
Originally, scientists predicted small asteroids to be hard and rocky, as any loose surface material (called regolith) generated by impacts was expected to escape their weak gravity. Aggregate small bodies were not thought to exist, because the slightest sustained relative motion would cause them to separate. But observations and computer modeling are proving otherwise. Most asteroids larger than a kilometer are now believed to be composites of smaller pieces. Those imaged at high-resolution show evidence for copious regolith despite the weak gravity. Most of them have one or more extraordinarily large craters, some of which are wider than the mean radius of the whole body. Such colossal impacts would not just gouge out a crater—they would break any monolithic body into pieces. In short, asteroids larger than a kilometer across may look like nuggets of hard rock but are more likely to be aggregate assemblages—or even piles of loose rubble so pervasively fragmented that no solid bedrock is left.
The rubble hypothesis, proposed decades ago by scientists, lacked evidence, until the planetologist Schumaker realized that the huge craters on the asteroid Mathilde and its very low density could only make sense together: a porous body such as a rubble pile can withstand a battering much better than an integral object. It will absorb and dissipate a large fraction of the energy of an impact; the far side might hardly feel a thing. At first, the rubble hypothesis may appear conceptually troublesome. The material strength of an asteroid is nearly zero, and the gravity is so low one is tempted to neglect that too. The truth is neither strength nor gravity can be ignored. Paltry though it may be, gravity binds a rubble pile together. And anybody who builds sandcastles knows that even loose debris can cohere. Oft-ignored details of motion begin to matter: sliding friction, chemical bonding, damping of kinetic energy, etc. We are just beginning to fathom the subtle interplay of these minuscule forces.
The size of an asteroid should determine which force dominates. One indication is the observed pattern of asteroidal rotation rates. Some collisions cause an asteroid to spin faster; others slow it down. If asteroids are monolithic rocks undergoing random collisions, a graph of their rotation rates should show a bell-shaped distribution with a statistical “tail” of very fast rotators. If nearly all asteroids are rubble piles, however, this tail would be missing, because any rubble pile spinning faster than once every two or three hours fly apart. Recently, several astronomers discovered that all but five observed asteroids obey a strict rotation limit. The exceptions are all smaller than about 150 meters in diameter, with an abrupt cutoff for asteroids larger than 200 meters. The evident conclusion—that asteroids larger than 200 meters across are rubble piles—agrees with recent computer modeling of collisions. A collision can blast a large asteroid to bits, but those bits will usually be moving slower than their mutual escape velocity (the lowest velocity that a body must have in order to escape the orbit of a planet). Over several hours, gravity will reassemble all but the fastest pieces into a rubble pile.
Question: The example of the sandcastle (in the second paragraph) serves to
invalidate Schumaker's initial observation offer an alternative hypothesis for an observed phenomenon describe a condition in which the typical laws of the universe do not obtain provide support for the rubble-pile hypothesis present as instance in which gravity has little effectQuestion 46 of 67
Question 47 of 67
47. Choose the option that best answers the question.
Originally, scientists predicted small asteroids to be hard and rocky, as any loose surface material (called regolith) generated by impacts was expected to escape their weak gravity. Aggregate small bodies were not thought to exist, because the slightest sustained relative motion would cause them to separate. But observations and computer modeling are proving otherwise. Most asteroids larger than a kilometer are now believed to be composites of smaller pieces. Those imaged at high-resolution show evidence for copious regolith despite the weak gravity. Most of them have one or more extraordinarily large craters, some of which are wider than the mean radius of the whole body. Such colossal impacts would not just gouge out a crater—they would break any monolithic body into pieces. In short, asteroids larger than a kilometer across may look like nuggets of hard rock but are more likely to be aggregate assemblages—or even piles of loose rubble so pervasively fragmented that no solid bedrock is left.
The rubble hypothesis, proposed decades ago by scientists, lacked evidence, until the planetologist Schumaker realized that the huge craters on the asteroid Mathilde and its very low density could only make sense together: a porous body such as a rubble pile can withstand a battering much better than an integral object. It will absorb and dissipate a large fraction of the energy of an impact; the far side might hardly feel a thing. At first, the rubble hypothesis may appear conceptually troublesome. The material strength of an asteroid is nearly zero, and the gravity is so low one is tempted to neglect that too. The truth is neither strength nor gravity can be ignored. Paltry though it may be, gravity binds a rubble pile together. And anybody who builds sandcastles knows that even loose debris can cohere. Oft-ignored details of motion begin to matter: sliding friction, chemical bonding, damping of kinetic energy, etc. We are just beginning to fathom the subtle interplay of these minuscule forces.
The size of an asteroid should determine which force dominates. One indication is the observed pattern of asteroidal rotation rates. Some collisions cause an asteroid to spin faster; others slow it down. If asteroids are monolithic rocks undergoing random collisions, a graph of their rotation rates should show a bell-shaped distribution with a statistical “tail” of very fast rotators. If nearly all asteroids are rubble piles, however, this tail would be missing, because any rubble pile spinning faster than once every two or three hours fly apart. Recently, several astronomers discovered that all but five observed asteroids obey a strict rotation limit. The exceptions are all smaller than about 150 meters in diameter, with an abrupt cutoff for asteroids larger than 200 meters. The evident conclusion—that asteroids larger than 200 meters across are rubble piles—agrees with recent computer modeling of collisions. A collision can blast a large asteroid to bits, but those bits will usually be moving slower than their mutual escape velocity (the lowest velocity that a body must have in order to escape the orbit of a planet). Over several hours, gravity will reassemble all but the fastest pieces into a rubble pile.
Question: According to the rubble-pile hypothesis, an advantage conferred on an asteroid held together by weak forces is that it is
unlikely to fall apart over a long period of time more amenable to computer modeling less vulnerable to the effects of powerful impacts not likely to collide with another object more readily observed by astronomersQuestion 47 of 67
Question 48 of 67
48. Choose the option that best answers the question.
Originally, scientists predicted small asteroids to be hard and rocky, as any loose surface material (called regolith) generated by impacts was expected to escape their weak gravity. Aggregate small bodies were not thought to exist, because the slightest sustained relative motion would cause them to separate. But observations and computer modeling are proving otherwise. Most asteroids larger than a kilometer are now believed to be composites of smaller pieces. Those imaged at high-resolution show evidence for copious regolith despite the weak gravity. Most of them have one or more extraordinarily large craters, some of which are wider than the mean radius of the whole body. Such colossal impacts would not just gouge out a crater—they would break any monolithic body into pieces. In short, asteroids larger than a kilometer across may look like nuggets of hard rock but are more likely to be aggregate assemblages—or even piles of loose rubble so pervasively fragmented that no solid bedrock is left.
The rubble hypothesis, proposed decades ago by scientists, lacked evidence, until the planetologist Schumaker realized that the huge craters on the asteroid Mathilde and its very low density could only make sense together: a porous body such as a rubble pile can withstand a battering much better than an integral object. It will absorb and dissipate a large fraction of the energy of an impact; the far side might hardly feel a thing. At first, the rubble hypothesis may appear conceptually troublesome. The material strength of an asteroid is nearly zero, and the gravity is so low one is tempted to neglect that too. The truth is neither strength nor gravity can be ignored. Paltry though it may be, gravity binds a rubble pile together. And anybody who builds sandcastles knows that even loose debris can cohere. Oft-ignored details of motion begin to matter: sliding friction, chemical bonding, damping of kinetic energy, etc. We are just beginning to fathom the subtle interplay of these minuscule forces.
The size of an asteroid should determine which force dominates. One indication is the observed pattern of asteroidal rotation rates. Some collisions cause an asteroid to spin faster; others slow it down. If asteroids are monolithic rocks undergoing random collisions, a graph of their rotation rates should show a bell-shaped distribution with a statistical “tail” of very fast rotators. If nearly all asteroids are rubble piles, however, this tail would be missing, because any rubble pile spinning faster than once every two or three hours fly apart. Recently, several astronomers discovered that all but five observed asteroids obey a strict rotation limit. The exceptions are all smaller than about 150 meters in diameter, with an abrupt cutoff for asteroids larger than 200 meters. The evident conclusion—that asteroids larger than 200 meters across are rubble piles—agrees with recent computer modeling of collisions. A collision can blast a large asteroid to bits, but those bits will usually be moving slower than their mutual escape velocity (the lowest velocity that a body must have in order to escape the orbit of a planet). Over several hours, gravity will reassemble all but the fastest pieces into a rubble pile.
Question: The primary purpose of the passage is to
refute an unconventional theory regarding asteroid collisions express doubt regarding the validity of evidence offered up by several notable astronomers explain how earlier evidence used to describe an aspect of asteroids was misleading explore common features of an asteroid in order to provide support for a theory discuss how one explanation of an astronomical phenomenon is most likely correctQuestion 48 of 67
Question 49 of 67
49. Choose the option that best answers the question.
The ‘trophic contamination hypothesis’ posits that shorebirds accumulate industrial and urban pollution at stopover sites, toxins that are subsequently released in sudden high doses as fat is burned during migratory flights, disrupting the bird’s ability to make migratory decisions. For example, large contaminant doses might hamper refueling by altering the satiation signal in shorebirds so that they do not accumulate sufficient fat for migration. A recent study found that, out of those shorebirds that were unable to migrate, some weighed as much as 20% less than the average migrating bird of their species. Whether such findings are a result of shorebirds suffering from trophic contamination, or whether such birds simply cut their migrations short by landing in a foreign ecosystem, is unlikely to be resolved until further studies are conducted.
One promising line of research involves organochlorines, toxins deposited on mudflats in the 1970s and 1980s, now buried by sediments but finally close enough to the surface to be of issue to foraging shorebirds. Organochlorines should be more accessible to long-billed shorebirds that probe deeply for prey than to short-billed species that forage at or near the surface. We predict that an increased number of long-billed shorebirds will either be unable to migrate or will be found along an aberrant flight path.
Question: According to the passage, the long-billed shorebird is expected to be more likely than the short-billed shorebird to have trouble migrating because
it is more vulnerable to the effects of organochlorines it typically is unable to differentiate between a foreign ecosystem and a familiar one it stops feeding before it is fully satiatedit grazes in parts of the mudflat in which the surface is known to have a higher concentration of organochlorines
it digs deeper into the earth and is therefore more likely to encounter toxinsQuestion 49 of 67
Question 50 of 67
50. Choose the option that best answers the question.
The ‘trophic contamination hypothesis’ posits that shorebirds accumulate industrial and urban pollution at stopover sites, toxins that are subsequently released in sudden high doses as fat is burned during migratory flights, disrupting the bird’s ability to make migratory decisions. For example, large contaminant doses might hamper refueling by altering the satiation signal in shorebirds so that they do not accumulate sufficient fat for migration. A recent study found that, out of those shorebirds that were unable to migrate, some weighed as much as 20% less than the average migrating bird of their species. Whether such findings are a result of shorebirds suffering from trophic contamination, or whether such birds simply cut their migrations short by landing in a foreign ecosystem, is unlikely to be resolved until further studies are conducted.
One promising line of research involves organochlorines, toxins deposited on mudflats in the 1970s and 1980s, now buried by sediments but finally close enough to the surface to be of issue to foraging shorebirds. Organochlorines should be more accessible to long-billed shorebirds that probe deeply for prey than to short-billed species that forage at or near the surface. We predict that an increased number of long-billed shorebirds will either be unable to migrate or will be found along an aberrant flight path.
Question: The most immediate effect on birds that have accumulated toxins in their fat deposits is
a tendency to navigate along a divergent flight path an inability to realize when they have eaten a sufficient amount of food a diminished capacity to retrace their migratory route an increased likelihood to exhibit aggression towards other species a loss in the amount of fat they carryQuestion 50 of 67
Question 51 of 67
51. Choose the option that best answers the question.
The ‘trophic contamination hypothesis’ posits that shorebirds accumulate industrial and urban pollution at stopover sites, toxins that are subsequently released in sudden high doses as fat is burned during migratory flights, disrupting the bird’s ability to make migratory decisions. For example, large contaminant doses might hamper refueling by altering the satiation signal in shorebirds so that they do not accumulate sufficient fat for migration. A recent study found that, out of those shorebirds that were unable to migrate, some weighed as much as 20% less than the average migrating bird of their species. Whether such findings are a result of shorebirds suffering from trophic contamination, or whether such birds simply cut their migrations short by landing in a foreign ecosystem, is unlikely to be resolved until further studies are conducted.
One promising line of research involves organochlorines, toxins deposited on mudflats in the 1970s and 1980s, now buried by sediments but finally close enough to the surface to be of issue to foraging shorebirds. Organochlorines should be more accessible to long-billed shorebirds that probe deeply for prey than to short-billed species that forage at or near the surface. We predict that an increased number of long-billed shorebirds will either be unable to migrate or will be found along an aberrant flight path.
Question: According to the passage, the author implies that foreign ecosystems have which potential effect on shorebirds?
They can make a bird more vulnerable to predators. They can expose shorebirds to foreign toxins. They can diminish a bird’s ability to navigate. They can lead to a reduction in the bird’s weight. They can cause a bird to become separated from its flock.Question 51 of 67
Question 52 of 67
52. Choose the option that best answers the question.
The US Constitution established both gold and silver as the basis of US currency: that is to say, it established a bimetallic standard for currency. This remained in place for about a century, until the Coinage Act of 1873, which embraced a "gold only" standard, a monometallic standard, effectively dropping silver as the basis of currency. Over the next several decades, advocates of bimetallism and advocates of the "gold only" standard fiercely debated.
The "gold only" advocates, such as William McKinley, argued that shifts in the relative value of the two precious metals could lead to wild fluctuations in the values of currency in a bimetallic system. Early in the United States history, Alexander Hamilton had tried to fix the gold-silver exchange rate by fiat, but of course, such restraints only inhibit the natural development of a free market.
Unemployment was high in the depression caused by the Panic of 1893, and many argued that these economic challenges had been triggered by abandoning bimetallism. One of the more prominent advocates of bimetallism was William Jennings Bryant: indeed, bimetallism was the very center of his presidential campaigns in 1896 and 1900, both of which he lost to McKinley. Bryant articulated the popular view that a "gold only" standard limited the money supply, and thus favored those who were already quite wealthy, against the interests of working people of all professions. He famously expressed this argument in his "Cross of Gold" speech at the 1896 Democratic National Convention, in which he argued that continuing the "gold only" standard would "crucify" the honest laboring classes on a "cross of gold."
Despite the eloquence of Bryant's arguments, history strongly favored the "gold-only" standard. The argument that increasing the money supply would lead to greater prosperity strikes us now as naïve: of course, we now understand that increasing the monetary supply can lead to runaway inflation, which hurts everyone. Furthermore, gold did not remain as limited as the advocates of bimetallism imagined. In the 1890s, scientists discovered a cyanide process that allowed workers to extract pure gold from much lower grade ore, thus significantly increasing domestic gold production. Additionally, the discovery of two immense gold deposits in South Africa substantially increased world gold supply. Thus, the "gold only" standard allowed for ample currency, and even robust prosperity in the 1920s, so bimetallism died a quiet death.
Question: It can be inferred from the passage that the author believes that government attempts to control exchange rates
compromise the workings of a free economy will inevitably lead to fiscal collapse are usually favorable in the short-term run counter to the tenets of the United States lead to a greater chance for inflationQuestion 52 of 67
Question 53 of 67
53. Choose the option that best answers the question.
The US Constitution established both gold and silver as the basis of US currency: that is to say, it established a bimetallic standard for currency. This remained in place for about a century, until the Coinage Act of 1873, which embraced a "gold only" standard, a monometallic standard, effectively dropping silver as the basis of currency. Over the next several decades, advocates of bimetallism and advocates of the "gold only" standard fiercely debated.
The "gold only" advocates, such as William McKinley, argued that shifts in the relative value of the two precious metals could lead to wild fluctuations in the values of currency in a bimetallic system. Early in the United States history, Alexander Hamilton had tried to fix the gold-silver exchange rate by fiat, but of course, such restraints only inhibit the natural development of a free market.
Unemployment was high in the depression caused by the Panic of 1893, and many argued that these economic challenges had been triggered by abandoning bimetallism. One of the more prominent advocates of bimetallism was William Jennings Bryant: indeed, bimetallism was the very center of his presidential campaigns in 1896 and 1900, both of which he lost to McKinley. Bryant articulated the popular view that a "gold only" standard limited the money supply, and thus favored those who were already quite wealthy, against the interests of working people of all professions. He famously expressed this argument in his "Cross of Gold" speech at the 1896 Democratic National Convention, in which he argued that continuing the "gold only" standard would "crucify" the honest laboring classes on a "cross of gold."
Despite the eloquence of Bryant's arguments, history strongly favored the "gold-only" standard. The argument that increasing the money supply would lead to greater prosperity strikes us now as naïve: of course, we now understand that increasing the monetary supply can lead to runaway inflation, which hurts everyone. Furthermore, gold did not remain as limited as the advocates of bimetallism imagined. In the 1890s, scientists discovered a cyanide process that allowed workers to extract pure gold from much lower grade ore, thus significantly increasing domestic gold production. Additionally, the discovery of two immense gold deposits in South Africa substantially increased world gold supply. Thus, the "gold only" standard allowed for ample currency, and even robust prosperity in the 1920s, so bimetallism died a quiet death.
Question: According to the passage, bimetallism was not enduring because it
made unwarranted conclusions concerning the connection between value and metalsconnection between value and metals was not adopted by those responsible for the shaping of economic policy
resulted in persistent inflation that plagued all levels of the economy did not allow for the possibility of a third monometallic standard was based on false assumptions regarding both the money supply and the supply of goldQuestion 53 of 67
Question 54 of 67
54. Choose the option that best answers the question.
The US Constitution established both gold and silver as the basis of US currency: that is to say, it established a bimetallic standard for currency. This remained in place for about a century, until the Coinage Act of 1873, which embraced a "gold only" standard, a monometallic standard, effectively dropping silver as the basis of currency. Over the next several decades, advocates of bimetallism and advocates of the "gold only" standard fiercely debated.
The "gold only" advocates, such as William McKinley, argued that shifts in the relative value of the two precious metals could lead to wild fluctuations in the values of currency in a bimetallic system. Early in the United States history, Alexander Hamilton had tried to fix the gold-silver exchange rate by fiat, but of course, such restraints only inhibit the natural development of a free market.
Unemployment was high in the depression caused by the Panic of 1893, and many argued that these economic challenges had been triggered by abandoning bimetallism. One of the more prominent advocates of bimetallism was William Jennings Bryant: indeed, bimetallism was the very center of his presidential campaigns in 1896 and 1900, both of which he lost to McKinley. Bryant articulated the popular view that a "gold only" standard limited the money supply, and thus favored those who were already quite wealthy, against the interests of working people of all professions. He famously expressed this argument in his "Cross of Gold" speech at the 1896 Democratic National Convention, in which he argued that continuing the "gold only" standard would "crucify" the honest laboring classes on a "cross of gold."
Despite the eloquence of Bryant's arguments, history strongly favored the "gold-only" standard. The argument that increasing the money supply would lead to greater prosperity strikes us now as naïve: of course, we now understand that increasing the monetary supply can lead to runaway inflation, which hurts everyone. Furthermore, gold did not remain as limited as the advocates of bimetallism imagined. In the 1890s, scientists discovered a cyanide process that allowed workers to extract pure gold from much lower grade ore, thus significantly increasing domestic gold production. Additionally, the discovery of two immense gold deposits in South Africa substantially increased world gold supply. Thus, the "gold only" standard allowed for ample currency, and even robust prosperity in the 1920s, so bimetallism died a quiet death.
Question: The author of the passage believes William Jennings Bryant’s argument that a gold standard favors the rich to be
somewhat relevant, because it accounts for a common trend seen throughout the history of bimetallismlacking validity, because it believes increasing the money supply will benefit a segment of the population
without merit, because it is not based on actual historical accounts not entirely accurate, because it overemphasizes the role of silver in regulating the money supply partially correct, because it described some of the class differences between the rich and the poorQuestion 54 of 67
Question 55 of 67
55. Choose the option that best answers the question.
The US Constitution established both gold and silver as the basis of US currency: that is to say, it established a bimetallic standard for currency. This remained in place for about a century, until the Coinage Act of 1873, which embraced a "gold only" standard, a monometallic standard, effectively dropping silver as the basis of currency. Over the next several decades, advocates of bimetallism and advocates of the "gold only" standard fiercely debated.
The "gold only" advocates, such as William McKinley, argued that shifts in the relative value of the two precious metals could lead to wild fluctuations in the values of currency in a bimetallic system. Early in the United States history, Alexander Hamilton had tried to fix the gold-silver exchange rate by fiat, but of course, such restraints only inhibit the natural development of a free market.
Unemployment was high in the depression caused by the Panic of 1893, and many argued that these economic challenges had been triggered by abandoning bimetallism. One of the more prominent advocates of bimetallism was William Jennings Bryant: indeed, bimetallism was the very center of his presidential campaigns in 1896 and 1900, both of which he lost to McKinley. Bryant articulated the popular view that a "gold only" standard limited the money supply, and thus favored those who were already quite wealthy, against the interests of working people of all professions. He famously expressed this argument in his "Cross of Gold" speech at the 1896 Democratic National Convention, in which he argued that continuing the "gold only" standard would "crucify" the honest laboring classes on a "cross of gold."
Despite the eloquence of Bryant's arguments, history strongly favored the "gold-only" standard. The argument that increasing the money supply would lead to greater prosperity strikes us now as naïve: of course, we now understand that increasing the monetary supply can lead to runaway inflation, which hurts everyone. Furthermore, gold did not remain as limited as the advocates of bimetallism imagined. In the 1890s, scientists discovered a cyanide process that allowed workers to extract pure gold from much lower grade ore, thus significantly increasing domestic gold production. Additionally, the discovery of two immense gold deposits in South Africa substantially increased world gold supply. Thus, the "gold only" standard allowed for ample currency, and even robust prosperity in the 1920s, so bimetallism died a quiet death.
Question: One reason advocates of bimetallism did not favor a “gold only” standard was that they believed that
the supply of gold was limited it would increase the money supply shifts in the prices of gold and silver were unpredictable it could lead to rampant inflation silver provided a check against deflationQuestion 55 of 67
Question 56 of 67
56. Choose the option that best answers the question.
Prof. Hernandez's monumental work The History of Central America covers everything about the region from the origin of the Mesoamerican period to the end of the Cold War. While the book has several informative maps and charts, many of the chapters spend less time describing facts and more time explaining Prof. Hernandez's theories. Indeed, the last two chapters consist exclusively of his exposition of theory of the role of Central America in post WWII world politics. Therefore, properly speaking, this book is not a history book.
Question: Which of the following is an assumption that supports drawing the conclusion above from the reasons given for that conclusion?
Some history books consist almost exclusively of catalogues of historical facts.Different historians have different understanding of the relative importance between facts and theories within the study of history.
Historians should be more explicit than most are now about the theoretical framework with which they write.
History as a discipline is concerned only with historical facts, not with the theoretical explanations of those facts.
Most books that present a wealth of historical facts include maps and charts as well.Question 56 of 67
Question 57 of 67
57. Choose the option that best answers the question.
Diomedes Motors has just decided to start using Rapilux Tires on most models of its new cars. The tires cost the same as the previous tires, and the change in tires will not change the sticker price of any car, nor will it change the profit on the sale of any particular car. Nevertheless, the CEO of Diomedes Motors expects this change in tires to increase Diomedes' profits in the coming year.
Question: Which of the following, if true, provides the best reason for the expectation?
The new Rapilux Tires facilitate loading the new cars onto the trucks that deliver them to the Diomedes showroom.
The change to Rapilux Tires in most Diomedes models moves those models to the highest safety rating category; several national consumer advocacy groups give focused advertising to cars in this category.
Since Diomedes has replaced the tires on only some of its models, it can continue to accommodate car buyers who prefer the older tire type.
Few car buyers are likely to decide against buying a Diomedes Motors model simply because it now comes with Rapilux Tires.
Some of the tires previously used on these particular Diomedes models are being phased out by those tire manufacturers, and would have to be replaced anyway, and no tire that would fit these Diomedes Models is any cheaper than the Rapilux Tires chosen.
Question 57 of 67
Question 58 of 67
58. Choose the option that best answers the question.
India ranks fifth in the world production of coffee. Popular thought has long associated India with tea and especially with masala chai, but clearly, we need to recognize India as one of the great coffee-drinking nations as well.
Question: This argument is flawed primarily because the author
fails to distinguish between coffee production and coffee consumption does not supply information about all beverages people drink in India depends on popular thought rather than on documented research findings does not specify the exact quantity of coffee produced by any nation makes no references to the reputed health benefits of coffeeQuestion 58 of 67
Question 59 of 67
59. Choose the option that best answers the question.
Last year, a woman was able to demonstrate that she contracted a bad case of food poisoning from a meal at one Chinese restaurant in Bairenville, and she successfully sued the restaurant for a large sum of money. The story was popular in the town, and the size of the financial settlement made the national news. This year, we have seen a number of "copycat" suits filed against each one of the eleven Chinese restaurants in Bairenville, forcing these restaurants to hire lawyers and take steps to defend themselves in court.
Question: Which of following conclusions can most properly be drawn from the information above?
Patrons of Chinese restaurants in Bairenville contract food poisoning at much higher rates than do patrons of any other kind of restaurant in Bairenville.
For each of the eleven Chinese restaurants in Bairenville, at least one person has contracted food poisoning from a meal on some occasion.
The cooking methods used for Chinese food are less likely to kill germs than are the cooking methods used in other cuisines.
This year, a number of citizens of Bairenville have won substantial settlements as the result of lawsuits.
This year, some restaurants in Bairenville have been subjected to legal expenses, irrespective of whether any of their patrons have suffered from food poisoning.
Question 59 of 67
Question 60 of 67
60. Choose the option that best answers the question.
The Interstate Bridge over the Apache River, built in the 1950s, shows a substantial amount of rust: as much as 45% of its surface is coated in rust. Community activists have argued that the bridge presents a hazard: it is likely to collapse in places where it has rusted through. Professors of mechanical engineering at the local university did an extensive analysis of the bridge. These professors and their graduate students determined that 98% of the rust on the bridge exists on the surface only, and actually seals the underlying steel from the corrosive influence of the elements. The results of this academic study suggest that the bridge is safe for continued use.
Question: In the argument given, the two portions in boldface play which of the following roles?
The first is evidence in support of the conclusion; the second is that conclusion.The first is the main conclusion of the argument; the second provides evidence that calls this conclusion into question.
The first is evidence taken to support one conclusion; the second provides evidence that calls this conclusion into question.
